Vera C. Rubin Department of Terrestrial Magnetism Carnegie Institution of Washington 5241 Broad Branch Road, NW Washington, DC 20015-1305 202.478.8861 (fax) 202.478.8821 rubin@dtm.ciw.edu
	Vera Rubin, with DTM image tube spectrograph attached to the Kitt Peak 84-inch telescope, 1970.
This is an image of the Andromeda galaxy (M31), the companion spiral to our own, copied from the Palomar Sky Survey. The measured optical velocities from ionized gas clouds are indicated as open and filled circles. Velocities from neutral hydrogen radio observations are shown as filled triangles. Note that the velocities remain high far beyond the optical disk.

Links:

• Publications
• Biography
• MVSD
• Nature Interview
• UCLA
• Astrophysics
• DTM